![]() It was the first planet beyond Earth spacecrafts were sent towards ( Venera 1 in 1961) and the first to be reached, impacted and successfully landed on (by Venera 7 in 1970). Its proximity to Earth has made Venus a prime target for early interplanetary exploration. Venus was the first planet to have its motions plotted across the sky, as early as the second millennium BCE. Furthermore it has been a prime inspiration for writers, poets and scholars. It has been made sacred to gods of many cultures, gaining its mainly used name from the Roman goddess of love and beauty which it is associated with. Īs one of the brightest objects in the sky, Venus has been a major fixture in human culture for as long as records have existed. Venus does not have any moons, a distinction it shares only with Mercury among the planets in the Solar System. This retrograde rotation creates a synodic day of only 117 Earth days. This means that the Sun rises from its western horizon and sets in its east. Consequently, it takes longer to rotate about its axis than any other planet in the Solar System, and does so in the opposite direction to all but Uranus. Venus orbits the Sun every 224.7 Earth days, but rotates around its axis in 243 Earth days. At roughly 50 km above the surface atmospheric conditions reach Earth-like temperatures and levels of pressure. Venus embrace free#The water has probably photodissociated, and the free hydrogen has been swept into interplanetary space by the solar wind because of the lack of an internally induced magnetic field. It may have had water oceans in the past, but after these evaporated the temperature rose under a runaway greenhouse effect. Venus is shrouded by an opaque layer of highly reflective clouds of sulfuric acid, preventing its surface from being seen from Earth in light. Even though Mercury is closer to the Sun, Venus has the hottest surface of any planet in the Solar System, with a mean temperature of 737 K (464 ☌ 867 ☏). The atmospheric pressure at the planet's surface is about 92 times the sea level pressure of Earth, or roughly the pressure at 900 m (3,000 ft) underwater on Earth. The carbon dioxide atmosphere of Venus is the densest of the four terrestrial planets. Venus is the second largest terrestrial object of the Solar System, with a surface gravity minimally lower than on Earth, but having only an induced magnetosphere. After the Moon, Venus it is the brightest natural object in Earth's sky, capable of casting visible shadows on Earth at dark conditions and being visible to the naked eye in broad sunlight. Since Venus is orbiting relatively close to Earth with a synodic period of 1.6 years it can achieve a maximal elongation of 47° to the Sun, allowing it to appear for up to a few hours after sunset and before sunrise in a completely dark sky. Venus, like Mercury, appears in Earth's sky relatively close to the Sun either as morning star or evening star, resulting from them orbiting the Sun inside of Earth's orbit. It is sometimes called Earth's "sister" or "twin" planet as Venus is almost as large and with a similar composition. ![]() Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it the closest to Earth. Following the right-hand rule for prograde rotation puts Ishtar Terra in the southern hemisphere and makes the axial tilt 177.36°. ![]() ^ Defining the rotation as retrograde, as done by NASA space missions and the USGS, puts Ishtar Terra in the northern hemisphere and makes the axial tilt 2.64°. ![]()
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